Rocks, Minerals and Metals, for Standard 8 theory and practical With Understanding drawings.

Science for Standard 8 theory and practical With Understanding drawings.

Rocks, Minral and Metals

Rocks, Minerals and Metals

Rocks are found on the crust of the earth and made up of mineral

SHALE,

LIMESTONE,

SANDSTONE,

FOLDED ROCK FORMATION,

GAS,

OIL,

WATER,

IRON ROCK,

Rocks Minral and Metals 

Some are coarse grained as granite. Clay has much fine grains that we cannot see them separately. If you closely examine a piece of granite, you will find that it is made up of a number of substances under a magnifying lens or a microscope. Substances which assemble together to form rocks are called minerals. Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances.   

Magnifying lens to see sand grade 

Tags:- Rocks, Mineral, Metal, Shale, Limestone, Sandstone, Rock_Formation, Gas, Oil, Water, Iron_Rock

The Earth’s Crust

Remainder of the crust consists of mainly six metals

(1) Aluminum (most abundant)

(2) Iron

(3) Calcium

(4) Sodium

(5) Potassium

(6) Magnesium.

Three forth of the earth crust is made just of two non metals.

(1) Oxygen (2) Silicon.

The average thickness of earth crust is 35 km under the continents and 10 km under the oceans.

Earth Crust

Tag:- Aluminum, Iron, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Earth’s_Crust

Rocks formation

Meaning:- Word derived from the latin word ‘ignis’ meaning fire. First rock to appear on the earth’s  surface.

Formation:- Formed by the cooling and solidification of extremely hot molten material, magma below the earth crust.

               This magma pushes its way through earth’s crust with high pressure to form igneous rocks.

 Large part of west central part of our country called the Decean Plateau.

Granite is formed when the rising magma solidifies before reaching the surface in the form of coarse grained.

Igneous Rocks

By the deposition fo sediments SEDIMENTS are broken down particles of existing rocks which are deposited layers by layers by flowing water or wind in the sea along with dead plants and animals.

 All this are neatly preserved in the sediments.

 The process goes on for millions of years and the resultant rocks are called Sedimentary rocks.

 Sedimentary rocks contains the relics of plants & animal known as Fossils.

 They harden with age.

 Thickness of overlaying layers are usually soft.

Sedimentary Rocks

FORMATION :- When igneous or sedimentary rocks are subjected to intense heat, compression or fluid injection the physical & chemical properties changes which results in metamorphic rock

Metamorphic Rocs

Tag:- ignis, Igneous Rocks, Sedimentary  Rocks, Metamorphic Rocks, Heat,  Pressure, Formation

 Minerals

 Naturally occuring inorganic substances with specific composition.

 Substance which assemble together to form rocks are called Minerals. There are about 2000 distinctive minerals.

 A mineral made of atom of a single element or of more than one elements.

 It is identified by its physical properties such as colour, lustre,    hardness, specific gravity and cleavage. 

Types of Mineral

Non-metallic minerals and their uses

Minerals and their uses

Uses of Minerals

Some common ores :-

Some Common Ores

Tag: - Galena, Magnetite, Pyrite, Oxide, Sulphide, Aluminium, iron, Copper, Lead, Quarz, Feldspur , Mica, Rock salt, Gypsum, Talc, Pitch blend, Monazite.

BLAST FURNACE

Blast furnace and its structure

Blast furnace total height is about 30-40 meters.

FeO + CO ® Fe + CO₂

Iron oxide, limestone & coke

CaCO₃heat CaO + CO₂

CaO + SiO₂  ®CasiO₃

Impurities slag

Fe₂O₃  + C ® 2 Fe₃O₄ + CO

Fe₃O₄  + CO ® 3 FeO + CO₂

Out side portion is made up of steel, and inside portion is lined with fire bricks.

Middle portion of the furnace is known as BOSCH.its width is about 7-8 meters.

Cone & Glass shape

HOT AIR

Waste gas

SLAG

Calcium silicate

MOLTEN IRON

Blast furnace

The concentrated ore along with coke (c) and limestone are added to a blast furnace. Blasts of hot air at about 1900⁰ C are blown into the furnace lined with fire bricks. The coke reduces the ore to metallic iron. The molten iron collects at the bottom of the furnace. Limestone on heating decomposes to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. Calcium oxide reacts with the sand and forms a slag (calcium silicate. 

Pig iron & Wrought iron

Pig iron and Wrought iron

Tag : - Slag, Waste gas, Blast_Furnace, Pig_iron, Wrought_Iron, Molten_iron, Calcium silicate, Iron_oxide

More details view Video Blast Furnace.

Beautiful understanding with animation  of how Blast furnace works.

Blast Furnace.